Эпигенетические лекарства: новый рубеж в лечении сердечной недостаточности

Раскрытие секретов гибкости генома не только способствовало развитию исследований в этой области, но также послужило толчком к разработке новых методов лечения болезней человека. Лучшее понимание биологии хроматина (комплексы ДНК/гистоны) и некодирующих РНК (нкРНК) позволило разработать эпигенетические (эпи) препараты, способные модулировать программы транскрипции, связанные с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Это особенно относится к сердечной недостаточности, где было показано, что эпигенетические механизмы лежат в основе развития некоторых патологических процессов, таких как гипертрофия левого желудочка, фиброз, апоптоз кардиомиоцитов и дисфункция микрососудов. Ориентация на эпигенетические сигналы может представлять собой многообещающий подход, особенно у пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью с сохраненной фракцией выброса (СНсФВ), где прогноз остается неблагоприятным, а эффективных методов лечения пока не существует. В этих условиях эпигенетика может использоваться для разработки индивидуальных терапевтических подходов, что прокладывает путь к персонализированной медицине. Несмотря на то, что благоприятные эффекты эпи-препаратов привлекают всё большее внимание, количество эпигенетических соединений, используемых в клинической практике, остается низким, что свидетельствует о необходимости разработки более селективных эпи-препаратов. В настоящем обзоре мы приводим перечень новых перспективных эпи-препаратов для лечения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, с акцентом, главным образом, на СНсФВ. Терапевтический эффект этих препаратов обусловлен воздействием как минимум на один из трёх основных эпигенетических механизмов: метилирование ДНК, модификация гистонов и некодирующие РНК. 

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