Евразийские клинические рекомендации по профилактике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в детском и подростковом возрасте (2023)

Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) являются ведущей причиной смерти в индустриально развитых странах, в России, странах Евразийского содружества и многих развивающихся странах. Получены убедительные доказательства того, что атеросклеротический процесс, приводящий к ССЗ, начинается в детском и подростковом возрасте и развивается на протяжении жизни под влиянием генетических и модифицируемых факторов риска. Проведенные длительные проспективные исследования показывают, что основные факторы риска нередко возникают в детстве и носят относительно стабильный характер, поскольку их наличие подтверждается при повторных исследованиях, проведенных уже во взрослом состоянии. Ранняя профилактика, когда еще нет факторов риска или только идет их формирование, а проявления носят нестойкий, непостоянный характер, когда еще не сложился стереотип поведения, часто далекий от здорового образа жизни, представляется наиболее перспективной, а возможность в детском и юношеском возрасте ограничиться немедикаментозными методами воздействия является привлекательной.

Целью создания данных рекомендаций является определение показаний к проведению в детском и подростковом возрасте немедикаментозных и медикаментозных методов коррекции факторов риска для снижения риска развития будущих ССЗ. Для этого необходимо своевременно выявлять факторы риска с учетом возрастных критериев, оценивать степень риска данной категории пациентов и, используя имеющиеся международные и национальные рекомендации и целевые показатели, применять необходимые и допустимые в этом возрасте методики лечения, подтвердившие свою эффективность в снижении риска развития ССЗ во взрослой жизни.

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