Features of the manifestation of arterial hypertension in patients with a new coronavirus infection

   The purpose. Assessment of the presence of the cardiovascular risk factors, associated clinical conditions, the degree of target organ damage in patients with arterial hypertension depending on the new coronavirus infection.
   Material and methods. In a retrospective cohort study 284 patients with arterial hypertension were identified, 162 of them had a novel coronavirus infection and 122 patients didn’t have a history of a new coronavirus infection. Patients who had a new coronavirus infection were divided into groups depending on the disease. Inclusion criteria were the presence of arterial hypertension in history and taking antihypertensive therapy.
   Results. Patients with hypertension who’ve had a new coronavirus infection are more likely to have risk factors such as smoking, overweight, early menopause as opposed to patients with hypertension without indication of past COVID-19. Comparing patients with increased severity of the novel coronavirus infection elevated uric acid levels and hypercholesterolemia were associated with more severe COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Patients with chronic kidney disease, cerebrovascular disease, detection of atherosclerotic lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries and diabetes mellitus have an increased probability of deaths occur from the novel coronavirus infection (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the compared groups of coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic heart failure and also the daily blood pressure profile and a severe course of COVID-19.
   Сonclusion. The presence of diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, detection of atherosclerotic lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries, and also hyperuricemia or hypercholesterolemia in patients with hypertension revealed a risk of severe coronavirus infection.

1. Mahase E. Covid-19: WHO declares pandemic because of “alarming levels” of spread, severity, and inaction.BMJ 2020; 12; 368:m1036. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1036

2. Zhou F., Yu T., Du R. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395: 1054–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3

3. Чазова И. Е. от имени экспертов. Клинические рекомендации. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии / И. Е. Чазова, Ю. В. Жернакова // Системные гипертензии. – 2019. – 16 (1): 6-31 [Chazova I. E., Zhernakova Y. V. Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension. Syst Hypertens 2019; 16: 6–31 (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.26442/2075082x.2019.1.190179

4. Varga Z., Flammer A. J., Steiger P. et al. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet 2020; 395: 1417–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5

5. Azra M., Nawaf Abdulaziz A., Mohammad Hamad A. et al. Hypertension phenotypes, target organ damage and stiff arteries and severity of COVID-19. Journal of Hypertension; 2021: 39-e403. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000749260.73954.dc

6. Chen B., Lu C., Gu H-Q. et al. Serum Uric Acid Concentrations and Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12: 633767. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.633767

7. Chauhan K., Pattharanitima P., Piani F. et al. Prevalence and Outcomes Associated with Hyperuricemia in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Novel Research Findings Am J Nephrol. 2019; 53: 78-86. https://doi.org/10.1159/000520355

8. Hariyanto T. I., Kurniawan A. Dyslipidemia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev 2020; 14: 1463–1465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.054

9. Aghili S. M., Ebrahimpur M., Arjmand B. et al. Obesity in COVID-19 era, implications for mechanisms, comorbidities, and prognosis: a review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2021; 45 (5): 998-1016. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00776-8

10. Izcovich A., Ragusa M. A., Tortosa F. et al. Prognostic factors for severity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2020; 17; 15 (11): e0241955. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241955

11. Singh J., Malik P., Patel N. et al. Kidney disease and COVID-19 disease severity—systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2022; 22: 125–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-021-00715-x

12. Vinciguerra M., Romiti S., Fattouch K. et al. Atherosclerosis as Pathogenetic Substrate for Sars-Cov2 Cytokine Storm. J Clin Med 2020; 9 (7): 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072095

13. Kumar A., Arora A., Sharma P. et al. Is diabetes mellitus associated with mortality and severity of COVID-19? A meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev 2020; 14: 535–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.044

14. Kummer B. R., Klang E., Stein L. K. et al. History of Stroke Is Independently Associated With In-Hospital Death in Patients With COVID-19. Stroke 2020; 51: 3112–4. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030685

15. Strausz S., Kiiskinen T., Broberg M. et al. Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. BMJ Open Respir Res; 2021: 8 (1): e000845. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000845.