evrazkarЕвразийский Кардиологический ЖурналEurasian heart journal2225-16852305-0748Евразийская ассоциация кардиологов10.38109/2225-1685-2025-4-96-103evrazkar-6564Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWМикроРНК как аспект диагностики хронической сердечной недостаточности: обзор литературыMiRNA profiling as a diagnostic feature of congestive heart failure. A scoping reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8347-2286КоняевВ. В.KonyaevV. V.

Коняев Владислав Вячеславович, клинический ординатор, кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней

Суворовский проспект, д. 63 а, г. Санкт-Петербург 191124

Vladislav V. Konyaev, clinical intern, Internal diseases propadeutics Department

63a Suvorovsky Ave., St. Petersburg 191124

konyaevvladislav@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-7049СвеклинаТ. С.SveklinaT. S.

Свеклина Татьяна Сергеевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней

Суворовский проспект, д. 63 а, г. Санкт-Петербург 191124

Tatiana S. Sveklina, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Internal diseases propadeutics Department

63a Suvorovsky Ave., St. Petersburg 191124

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7488-1240КозловВ. А.KozlovV. A.

Козлов Вадим Авенирович, д.б.н., к.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры медицинской биологии с курсом микробиологии и вирусологии; ведущий научный сотрудник

Московский проспект, д. 15, г. Чебоксары 428015

улица Михаила Сеспеля, д. 27, г. Чебоксары 428003

Vadim A. Kozlov, Dr. of Sci. (Biol.), Cand. of Sci. (Med.), professor of the Department of medical biology with course of microbiology and virology;  Leading Researcher

Moskovsky Prospect, 15, Cheboksary 428015

Mikhail Sespel Street, 27, Cheboksary 428003

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2441-9394КолюбаеваС. Н.KolyubaevaS. N.

Колюбаева Светлана Николаевна, д.б.н., профессор кафедры биологии, старший научный сотрудник

Суворовский проспект, д. 63 а, г. Санкт-Петербург 191124

Svetlana N. Kolyubaeva, Dr. of Sci. (Biol.), Professor of the biology department and senior fellow at the research laboratory

63a Suvorovsky Ave., St. Petersburg 191124

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2888-9625КучминА. Н.KuchminA. N.

Кучмин Алексей Николаевич, д.м.н, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней

Суворовский проспект, д. 63 а, г. Санкт-Петербург 191124

Alexey N. Kuchmin, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Internal diseases propadeutics Department

63a Suvorovsky Ave., St. Petersburg 191124

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1956-2110ОктысюкП. Д.OktysyukP. D.

Октысюк Полина Дмитриевна, клинический ординатор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней 

Суворовский проспект, д. 63 а, г. Санкт-Петербург 191124

Polina D. Oktysyuk, clinical intern, Internal diseases propadeutics, Department

63a Suvorovsky Ave., St. Petersburg 191124

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6885-5273СлижовП. А.SlizhovP. A.

Слижов Павел Алексеевич, младший научный сотрудник, НИЛ (тканевой инженерии) НИО (медико-биологических исследований) НИЦ 

Суворовский проспект, д. 63 а, г. Санкт-Петербург 191124

Pavel A. Slizhov, junior researcher, SIL (tissue engineering) SID (Biomedical Research) of SIC

63a Suvorovsky Ave., St. Petersburg 191124

Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова Министерства Обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияS.M. Kirov Military Medical AcademyRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова»; ГАУ ДПО «Институт усовершенствования врачей» Минздрава Чувашской РеспубликиРоссияI.N. Uljanov Chuvash State University; Postgraduate Doctors' Training InstituteRussian Federation2025261120250496103Copyright © Коняев В.В., Свеклина Т.С., Козлов В.А., Колюбаева С.Н., Кучмин А.Н., Октысюк П.Д., Слижов П.А., 20252025Коняев В.В., Свеклина Т.С., Козлов В.А., Колюбаева С.Н., Кучмин А.Н., Октысюк П.Д., Слижов П.А.Konyaev V.V., Sveklina T.S., Kozlov V.A., Kolyubaeva S.N., Kuchmin A.N., Oktysyuk P.D., Slizhov P.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.heartj.asia/jour/article/view/6564

Хроническая сердечная недостаточность (ХСН) является широко распространённым клиническим синдромом, проявляющимся в исходе любого сердечно-сосудистого заболевания. Именно поэтому внимание исследователей разных стран приковано к проблеме молекулярных и патофизиологических аспектов этого синдрома. Несмотря на наличие существенного арсенала диагностических методик для постановки диагноза ХСН, клиницисты до сих пор сталкиваются со сложностями дифференциальной диагностики со схожими по клинической картине состояниями. В связи с чем научное сообщество сфокусировалось на различных эпигенетических регуляторных механизмах, обеспечивающих поддержание гомеостаза сердца. Одним из таких регуляторов является класс малых некодирующих РНК (микроРНК). МикроРНК являются важными регуляторами транскрипции и посттранскрипционной экспрессии генов и, как считается, координируют трансляцию матричных РНК (мРНК). Различные виды микроРНК принимают участие не только в структурном ремоделировании сердца, но и апоптозе, ангиогенезе, а также хроническом воспалении, которые имеют место в развитии и прогрессировании ХСН. В настоящее время все больше исследований доказывают потенциал микроРНК в качестве диагностического маркера заболеваний, за счет присутствия во всех биологических жидкостях, устойчивости в образце, наличии надежных и точных методов диагностики. В данном обзоре основное внимание уделяется базовой биологии и механизму действия микроРНК в отношении патофизиологии ХСН.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome that winds up any starting point of a cardiovascular continuum. It is therefore a precious point on the agenda for the world leading scientists and investigators, who aim to understand the full spectrum of its underlying molecular and pathophysiological defects. In spite of a wide range of modern diagnostics techniques, it is still a clinical burden to correctly diagnose CHF among other clinically similar nosology’s. As a consequence, extreme attention is now brought to the epigenetics of a sustaining heart homeostasis. Small non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered to play an important role in cardiac metabolism management. MiRNA do not only regulate transcription and post-translational gene expression patterns but also account for the matrixRNAs (mRNAs) translation. Various types of miRNAs are involved in certain pathophysiological processes, such as cardiac structural remodeling, cellular apoptosis, angiogenesis and persistent inflammation – all accounting for the CHF progression. Potential use of miRNAs as a CHF diagnostic biomarker is now actively proposed by a large number of studies. Reasons behind include their prevalence in all types of investigative fluids, sample stability and most importantly, an ability to be precisely spotted with the aid of modern techniques. Current article is primarily dedicated to the underlying biology of miRNAs action and their role in CHF development. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.