evrazkarЕвразийский Кардиологический ЖурналEurasian heart journal2225-16852305-0748Евразийская ассоциация кардиологов10.38109/2225-1685-2014-1-81-88evrazkar-5560Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL PAPERSМЕХАНИЗМЫ ПАРАСИМПАТИЧЕСКИХ ВЛИЯНИЙ НА СЕРДЦЕ В РАЗВИТИИ ПРОТИВОИШЕМИЧЕСКОГО ЭФФЕКТА ДИСТАНТНОГО КОНДИЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ МИОКАРДАMECHANISMS OF PARASYMPATHETIC INFLUENCES ON THE HEART IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OF THE EFFECT ANTIISCHEMIC DISTANT CONDITIONING MYOCARDIUMМрочекАлександр ГеннадьевичMrochekA. G.noemail@neicon.ruБулгакАлександр ГригорьевичBulgakA. G.noemail@neicon.ruБасалайМарина ВасильевнаBasalayM. V.marina.basalay@gmail.comБарсукевичВероника ЧеславовнаBarsukevichV. C.noemail@neicon.ruГуринАндрей ВалерьевичGurinA. V.agourine@hotmail.comРеспубликанский научно-практический центр «Кардиология»РоссияRepublican Scientific and practical center «Cardiology»Russian FederationКаролинский университетРоссияKarolinska InstituteRussian Federation201430032014018188Copyright © Мрочек А.Г., Булгак А.Г., Басалай М.В., Барсукевич В.Ч., Гурин А.В., 20142014Мрочек А.Г., Булгак А.Г., Басалай М.В., Барсукевич В.Ч., Гурин А.В.Mrochek A.G., Bulgak A.G., Basalay M.V., Barsukevich V.C., Gurin A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.heartj.asia/jour/article/view/5560

Цель исследования: изучить вовлечение отдельных парасимпатических и симпатических бета-адренергических механизмoв в развитие противоишемического эффекта дистантного ишемического кондиционирования. Материал и методы. Эксперименты проводились на белых нелинейных крысах-самцах. Дистантное ишемическое кондиционирование представляло собой 15-минутную окклюзию обеих бедренных артерий, осуществляемую до начала ишемии миокарда (ДИПК), на 10-й минуте ишемии (ДИПерК) или на 10-й минуте реперфузии (ДИПостК10'). Для изучения роли блуждающих нервов в развитии дистантного ишемического кондиционирования окклюзия бедренных артерий выполнялась в условиях двухсторонней ваготомии (Ваготомия+ДИПК, Ваготомия+ДИПерК, Ваготомия+ДИПостК10'). С целью блокады М-холинорецепторов животным вводился атропин (группы Атропин+ДИПК и Атропин+ДИПостК10'). Блокада бета-адренорецепторов осуществлялась введением метопролола или атенолола на 1-й минуте реперфузии животным с интактными блуждающими нервами (группы МетR+ДИПостК10' и АтенR+ДИПостК10') или в условиях двухсторонней ваготомии (группы Ваготомия+МетR+ДИПостК10' и Ваготомия+АтенR+ДИПостК10'). Результаты. ДИПК, ДИПерК и ДИПостК10' ограничивали зону некроза на 56%, 58% и 49%, соответственно, (p<0,001 в сравнении с группой Контроль). Двухсторонняя ваготомия, осуществляемая до начала острой ишемии миокарда, предупреждала развитие противоишемического эффекта ДИПК и ДИПерК, но не оказывала влияния на выраженность кар-диопротекторного эффекта ДИПостК10'. Введение атропина предупреждало развитие кардиопротекторного эффекта как ДИПК, так и ДИПостК10'. Внутривенное введение метопро-лола или атенолола крысам с интактными блуждающими нервами не оказывало влияния на выраженность противоише мического эффекта ДИПостК10', а введение этих препаратов ваготомизированным животным предупреждало развитие данного феномена (p>0,05 в сравнении с контрольной группой, p<0,001% в сравнении с группой ДИПостК10'). Заключение. Кардиопротекторный эффект ДИПК и ДИПерК опосредован главным образом парасимпатическими влияниями на сердце, тогда как в развитии ДИПостК10' важную роль играют также бета-адренергические механизмы. Стимуляция М-холинорецепторов является ключевым звеном развития как ДИПК, так и ДИПостК10'.

The aim of the study: to investigate the involvement of distinct parasympathetic and sympathetic beta-adrenergic mechanisms in infarct-limiting effect of remote ischemic conditioning. Materials and methods. Experiments have been conducted on white male rats. Remote ischemic conditioning was performed as 15-min bilateral femoral arteries occlusion before the onset of myocardial ischemia (RIPC, n=8), on the 10-th minute of ischemia (RIPerC, n=8) or on the 10-th minute of reperfusion (RIPostC10', n=8). To study the role of vagal nerves in the development of remote ischemic conditioning femoral arteries occlusion was performed in conditions of bilateral vagotomy (Vagotomy+RIPC, n=8; Vagotomy+RIPerC, n=7; Vagotomy+RIPostC10', n=8). M-cholinoreceptors were blocked by atropine (groups Atropine+RIPC, n=10; and Atropine+RIPostC10', n=6). Beta-adrenoreceptors blockade was induced by injection of metoprolol or atenolol on the 1-st minute of reperfusion to animals with intact vagal nerves (groups MetR+RIPostC10', n=10; and AtenR+RIPostC10', n=10) or after bilateral vagotomy (groups Vagotomy+MetR+RIPostC10', n=10; Vagotomy+AtenR+RIPostC10', n=10). Results. RIPC, RIPerC и RIPostC10' limited infarct size by 56%, 58% and 49% respectively (all p<0,001 vs Control). Bilateral vagotomy, performed before the onset of myocardial ischaemia, abolished infarct-limiting effect of RIPC and RIPerC, but had no effect on cardioprotection induced by RIPostC10'. Atropine administration abolished cardioprotective effect of both RIPC and RIPostC10'. I.v. infusion of metoprolol or atenolol to the animals with intact vagal nerves had no effect on cardioprotection induced by RIPostC10', but administration of these agents in combination with vagotomy abolished this phenomenon (p>0,05 vs Control, p<0,001% vs RIPostC10'). Conclusions. Cardioprotective effect of RIPC and RIPerC is mediated mainly by vagal control of heart, whereas in RIPostC10' beta-adrenoreceptors are also important. Meanwhile, М-cholynoreceptors stimulation is a key point in the development of both RIPC, as well as RIPostC10'.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.