<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">evrazkar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Евразийский Кардиологический Журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Eurasian heart journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-1685</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-0748</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Евразийская ассоциация кардиологов</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38109/2225-1685-2018-4-20-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">evrazkar-306</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ЭРЕКТИЛЬНОЙ ДИСФУНКЦИИ С СИНДРОМОМ ОБСТРУКТИВНОГО АПНОЭ СНА И ОЖИРЕНИЕМ У БОЛЬНЫХ С АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТОНИЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AND OBESITY IN PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AND ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант отдела гипертонии, лаборант-исследователь лаборатории апноэ сна отдела гипертонии</p><p>121552, Россия, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15 а</p><p>Тел.: 8-915-405-76-85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student of the Department of Hypertension, laboratory assistant-researcher of the Laboratory of Sleep Apnea of the Department of Hypertension</p><p>15a, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str., Moscow, 121552, Russia</p><p>Phone: 8-915-405-76-85</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t-a86@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамидов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamidov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий отделением урологии и андрологии, д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии, перинатологии и репродуктологии факультета ФППО I Московского Государственного Медицинского Университета им. И. М. Сеченова</p><p>117997, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Division of Urology and Andrology, Dr. med habil, Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Fertility of the Faculty for Post-graduate Occupational Education I </p><p>4, Akademika Oparina str., Moscow, 117997, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елфимова</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elfimova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., научный сотрудник, лаборатории апноэ сна</p><p>121552, Россия, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15 а.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (med.), Research worker of the Laboratory of Sleep Apnea </p><p>15a, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str., Moscow, 121552, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старостин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starostin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-кардиолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (med.), physician-cardiologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvin</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., руководитель лаборатории апноэ сна</p><p>121552, Россия, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15 а.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. med habil, Head of the Laboratory of Sleep Apnea</p><p>15a, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str., Moscow, 121552, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чазова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chazova</surname><given-names>I. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Академик РАН, профессор, д.м.н., директор</p><p>121552, Россия, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15 а.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof., Dr. med habil, Director, Head of the Department of Hypertension</p><p>15a, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str., Moscow, 121552, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л. Мясникова ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Clinical Cardiology named after A.L. Myasnikov of the National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Клиника ТРИ ПОКОЛЕНИЯ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinic THREE GENERATIONS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева Т.А., Гамидов С.И., Елфимова Е.М., Старостин И.В., Литвин А.Ю., Чазова И.Е., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Т.А., Гамидов С.И., Елфимова Е.М., Старостин И.В., Литвин А.Ю., Чазова И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva T.A., Gamidov S.I., Elfimova E.M., Starostin I.V., Litvin A.Y., Chazova I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.heartj.asia/jour/article/view/306">https://www.heartj.asia/jour/article/view/306</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить взаимосвязь эректильной дисфункции и ожирения с выраженностью синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна у больных с артериальной гипертонией.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы: в исследование включен 71 больной с эректильной дисфункцией различной степени выраженности, избыточной массой тела и ожирением 1 степени, синдромом обструктивного апноэ сна легкой и тяжелой степени и артериальной гипертонией. Анализировались данные кардиореспираторного мониторирования, антропометрические параметры ожирения, а также проводилась оценка выраженности эректильной дисфункции методом интракавернозной фармакодоплерографии, результаты которой сопоставлялись с субъективным мнением пациентов о степени тяжести эректильной дисфункции по опроснику МИЭФ-5. Всем пациентам проводился анализ психосоматического статуса по данным опросных шкал: оценка дневной сонливости по шкале Эпворт, выраженности личностной и ситуационной тревожности по шкале Спилбергера и уровня депрессии по шкале Бека.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: при сравнительном анализе были выявлены статистически значимые связи между антропометрическими параметрами ожирения с параметрами синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна (индекс апноэ/ гипопноэ, индекс десатурации) (p&lt;0.05), тяжестью синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна и показателями пенильного кровотока (p&lt;0.05), а также выраженностью эректильной дисфункции (по степени, длительности эрекции и по данным допплерографии с оценкой скоростных показате лей пенильного кровотока) (p&lt;0.05). Также выявлена статистически значимая отрицательная связь качества пенильного кровотока со степенью артериальной гипертонии (p=0.02). При сравнительном анализе субъективной оценки эректильной функции с результатами объективного обследования статистически значимой связи выявлено не было (p=0.07). В результате применения многофакторной линейной регрессии показано, что при увеличении отношения окружности талии к окружности бедер и более высоком индексе апноэ/гипопноэ ухудшается состояние пенильного артериального кровотока, а именно, отмечается снижение пиковой систолической скорости кровотока (β=-0.39, р=0.05; β=-0.44, р=0.03 соответственно). При оценке психосоматического состояния больных была выявлена значимая связь между выраженностью депрессии по шкале Бека с уровнем личностной и ситуационной тревожности по шкале Спилбергера (p&lt;0.05). Была также показана взаимосвязь уровня депрессии по шкале Бека и степени ситуационной тревожности с выраженностью ЭД по шкале Юнема (p&lt;0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: сочетание избыточной массы тела или ожирения с синдромом обструктивного апноэ сна и артериальной гипертонией позволяет с высокой вероятностью заподозрить наличие эректильной дисфункции различной степени выраженности. Степень тяжести ЭД прямопропорциональна уровню тревожности и депрессии по данным опросных шкал.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the relationship between erectile dysfunction and obesity parameters and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with arterial hypertension.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods: 71 patients with different severity of erectile dysfunction, overweight and obesity of grade 1, mild and severe obstructive sleep apnea and arterial hypertension were included in the study. The data of cardiorespiratory monitoring, anthropometric parameters of obesity were analyzed and the severity of erectile dysfunction was assessed by intracavernous pharmacodopplerography, the results were compared with the subjective opinion of patients on the degree of severity of erectile dysfunction according to the IIEF-5 questionnaire. All patients underwent psychosomatic status analysis according to the questionnaire scales: assessment of daytime drowsiness on the Epworth scale, severity of personal and situational anxiety on the Spielberger scale and depression level on the Beck scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: comparative analysis revealed statistically significant links between anthropometric data of obesity with OSA parameters (apnea/hypopnea index, desaturation index) (p&lt;0.05), as well as the severity of erectile dysfunction (in terms of erection and dopplerography with evaluation of the of penile blood flow) (p&lt;0.05). A statistically significant negative relationship between the quality of penile blood flow and the degree of arterial hypertension was revealed too (p=0.02). In a comparative analysis of the subjective state of erectile function and objective examination, no statistically significant association was revealed (p=0.07). As a result of the multifactorial linear regression, we have shown that with an increase of the waist circumference to the hip circumference ratio and a higher apnea/hypopnea index, the condition of penile arterial blood flow worsens, namely, a decrease in the peak systolic blood flow velocity (β=-0.39, p=0.05; β=-0.44, p=0.03, respectively). When assessing the psychosomatic state of patients, a significant correlation has been found between the severity of depression in the Beck scale and the level of personal and situational anxiety according to the Spielberger scale (p&lt;0.05). The relationship between depression level on the Beck scale and the degree of situational anxiety with the severity of erectile dysfunction on the Juname scale has been also shown (p&lt;0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p> Conclusion: the combination of overweight or obesity with obstructive sleep apnea and arterial hypertension gives ground to suspect the presence of different severity of erectile dysfunction. The severity of ED is directly proportional to the level of anxiety and depression according to the questionnaire scales.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эректильная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>синдром обструктивного апноэ сна</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертония</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>erectile dysfunction</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>obstructive sleep apnea</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henry A. Feldman, Irwin Goldstein, Dimitrios G., Hatzichristou et al. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study J. Urology 1994; 151:54-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henry A. Feldman, Irwin Goldstein, Dimitrios G., Hatzichristou et al. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study J. Urology1994;151:54-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edward O. Laumann, Anthony Paik, Raymond C. Rosen. Sexual Dysfunction in the United States Prevalence and Predictors. JAMA. 1999; 281(6):537-544. doi:10.1001/jama.281.6.537</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edward O. Laumann, Anthony Paik, Raymond C. Rosen.Sexual Dysfunction in the United States Prevalence and Predictors. JAMA.1999; 281(6):537-544. doi:10.1001/jama.281.6.537</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatzimouratidis K. (Chair), Giuliano F., Moncada I. et al. EAU Guidelines on Erectile Dysfunction, Premature Ejaculation, Penile Curvature and Priapism European Association of Urology 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatzimouratidis K. (Chair), Giuliano F., Moncada I. et al. EAU Guidelines on Erectile Dysfunction, Premature Ejaculation, Penile Curvature and Priapism European Association of Urology 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosen R.C. et al. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology 1997; 49:822-830.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosen R.C. et al. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology 1997; 49:822-830.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelrahman Elnashara Amr M., Gadallaha Alaa A, Abdelaala. Can the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) be used as a diagnostic tool to the severity of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction? Middle East Fertility Society Journal Volume 17, Issue 2, June 2012, Pages 101-104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdelrahman Elnashara Amr M., Gadallaha Alaa A., Abdelaala. Can the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) be used as a diagnostic tool to the severity of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction? Middle East Fertility Society Journal Volume 17, Issue 2, June 2012, Pages 101-104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kassouf W, Carrier S. A comparison of the International Index of Erectile Function and erectile dysfunction studies BJU Int. 2003 May; 91(7):667-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kassouf W., Carrier S. A comparison of the International Index of Erectile Function and erectile dysfunction studies BJU Int. 2003 May; 91(7):667-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пушкарь Д. Ю. Эректильная дисфункция - современные методы диагностики и лечения // Справочник поликлинического врача. 2004. № 2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushkar D. Yu. Erectile dysfunction – modern methods of diagnosis and treatment // Handbook of a polyclinic. 2004. №2. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bull World Health Organ 2013; 91:549-550. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.2471/BLT.13.020813.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bull World Health Organ 2013; 91:549–550. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.13.020813.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burwell C. S., Robin E. D., Whaley R. D., Bicklemann A. G. Extreme obesity associated with alveolar hypoventilation; a Pickwickian syndrome. (англ.)//Am. J. Med. 1956;21(5):811-818. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(56)90094-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burwell C. S., Robin E. D., Whaley R. D., Bicklemann A. G. Extreme obesity associated with alveolar hypoventilation; a Pickwickian syndrome. (англ.) // Am. J. Med. 1956; 21(5):811-818. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(56)90094-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guilleminault C., Eldridge F., Dement W.C. Insomnia with sleep apnea: a new syndrome, 1973. Science 1973; 181,856-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guilleminault C., Eldridge F., Dement W.C. Insomnia with sleep apnea: a new syndrome, 1973. Science 1973; 181, 856-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grote L. et al. Sleep-related breathing disorder is an independent risk factor for uncontrolled hypertension. J Hypertens, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grote L. et al Sleep-related breathing disorder is an independent risk factor for uncontrolled hypertension. J Hypertens, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takasaki Y., Orr D., Pipkin J. et al. Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on sleep apnoea in congestive heart failure. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. l989; 140:1578-1584.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takasaki Y., Orr D., Pipkin J. et al. Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on sleep apnoea in congestive heart failure. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. l989;140:1578-1584.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвин А.Ю., Чазова И.Е. Синдром обструктивного апноэ во время сна: механизмы развития, клиническое значение, связь с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, принципы лечения. Кардиологический вестник, 2009; 2:89-103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvin A.Yu., Chazova I.E.: Obstructive sleep apnea: mechanisms of development, clinical significance, connection with cardiovascular diseases, principles of treatment // Kardiologichesky vestnik, 2009; 2:89-103. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A global brief on hypertension: silent killer, global public health crisis: World Health Day 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A global brief on hypertension: silent killer, global public health crisis: World Health Day 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nieto, F.J., Young, T.B., Lind, B.K. et al. (2000) Association of Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Sleep Apnea, and Hypertension in a Large Community-Based Study. Sleep Heart Health Study. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 283,18291836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.14.1829.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nieto, F.J., Young, T.B., Lind, B.K. et al. (2000) Association of Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Sleep Apnea, and Hypertension in a Large Community-Based Study. Sleep Heart Health Study. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 283, 1829-1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.14.1829.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буторова Е.А., Шария М.А., Литвин А.Ю. и соавт. Возможности магнитно-резонансной томографии в оценке мягких тканей вокруг верхних дыхательных путей у больных с ожирением и синдромом обструктивного апноэ во время сна. Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии. 2017; 98(2):79-82 DOI: 10.20862/0042-4676-2017-98-2-79-85</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butorova E.A., Shariya M.A., Litvin A.Yu. et al. "The possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of soft tissues around the upper respiratory tract in patients with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome during sleep." Herald of radiology and radiology. 2017; 98(2):79-82. [in Russian]. DOI: 10.20862 / 0042-4676-2017-98-2-79-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young T. et al.: Interactions Between Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Chest. 2010 Mar; 137(3): 711-719.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young T. et al.: Interactions Between Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Chest. 2010 Mar; 137(3): 711–719.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu G., Xu Z.W., Zhang Y.L. et al. Correlation among obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, coronary atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2007; 120 (18). 20: 16321634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu G., Xu Z.W., Zhang Y.L. et al. Correlation among obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, coronary atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2007; 120 (18). 20: 1632–1634.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szymanski F.M, Filipiak K.J, Hrynkiewicz - Szymanska A. et al.The high risk of obstructive sleep apnea-an independent risk factor of erectile dysfunction in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. J Sex Med. - 2011; 8(5): 14341438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szymanski F.M, Filipiak K.J, Hrynkiewicz - Szymanska A. et al.The high risk of obstructive sleep apnea-an independent risk factor of erectile dysfunction in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. J Sex Med. – 2011; 8(5): 1434-1438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pittaras F. et al. Erectile Dysfunction in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease: A Guide for Clinicians Journal of Hypertension. 2011,29:403-407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pittaras F.et al. Erectile Dysfunction in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease: A Guide for Clinicians Journal of Hypertension. 2011, 29: 403–407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vlachopoulos C., Ioakeimidis N., Terentes-Printzios D. et al. The triad: erectile dysfunction-endothelial dysfunction-cardiovascular disease. Curr Pharm. Des. 2008; 14:3700-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlachopoulos C., Ioakeimidis N., Terentes-Printzios D. et al. The triad: erectile dysfunction-endothelial dysfunctioncardiovascular disease. Curr Pharm. Des. 2008; 14: 3700–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giugliano F., Esposito K., Di Palo C. et al. Erectile dysfunction associates with endothelial dysfunction and raised proinflammatory cytokine levels in obese men. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004 Jul-Aug; 27(7):665-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giugliano F., Esposito K., Di Palo C. et al. Erectile dysfunction associates with endothelial dysfunction and raised proinflammatory cytokine levels in obese men. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004 Jul-Aug; 27(7):665-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaiser D.R., Billups K., Mason C. et al. Impaired brachial artery endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation in men with erectile dysfunction and no other clinical cardiovascular disease.J Am CollCardiol. 2004 Jan 21; 43(2):179-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaiser D.R., Billups K., Mason C. et al. Impaired brachial artery endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation in men with erectile dysfunction and no other clinical cardiovascular disease.J Am CollCardiol. 2004 Jan 21; 43(2):179-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashwell M., Gunn P., Gibson S. Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2012; 13:275-286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashwell M., Gunn P., Gibson S. Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2012;13:275-286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasquali R., Macor C., Vicennati V. et al. Effects of acute hyperinsulinemia on testosterone serum concentrations in adult obese and normal-weight men. Metabolism. 1997; 46 (5): 526-529.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasquali R., Macor C., Vicennati V. et al. Effects of acute hyperinsulinemia on testosterone serum concentrations in adult obese and normal-weight men. Metabolism. 1997; 46 (5): 526–529.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young T., Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep Med Clin. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 Mar 1.Published in final edited form as: Sleep Med Clin. 2009 Mar 1; 4(1): 37-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young T., Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep Med Clin. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 Mar 1.Published in final edited form as: Sleep Med Clin. 2009 Mar 1; 4(1): 37–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franklin K.A., Lindberg E. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in the population-a review on the epidemiology of sleep apnea. J Thorac Dis. 2015 Aug; 7(8): 71311-1322. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.06.11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franklin K.A., Lindberg E. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in the population—a review on the epidemiology of sleep apnea. J Thorac Dis. 2015 Aug; 7(8): 71311–1322. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.06.11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andersen M.L., Tufik S. The effects of testosterone on sleep and sleep-disordered breathing in men: its bidirectional interaction with erectile function. Sleep Med Rev. 2008; 12(5): 365-379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andersen M.L., Tufik S. The effects of testosterone on sleep and sleep-disordered breathing in men: its bidirectional interaction with erectile function. Sleep Med Rev. 2008; 12(5): 365-379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chia-Min Chen, Ming-Ju Tsai, Po-Ju Wei et al. Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Sleep Apnea - A Nationwide Population-Based Study.PLoS One. 2015; 10(7): e0132510. Published online 2015 Jul15. doi:10. 1371/journal. pone.0132510.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chia-Min Chen, Ming-Ju Tsai, Po-Ju Wei et al. Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Sleep Apnea – A Nationwide Population-Based Study.PLoS One. 2015; 10(7): e0132510. Published online 2015 Jul15. doi:10. 1371/journal.pone.0132510.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosen J.C., Cappelleri and Gendrano. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a state-of-the-science review. International Journal of Impotence Research 2002; 14: 226244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosen J.C., Cappelleri and Gendrano. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a state-of-the-science review. International Journal of Impotence Research 2002; 14: 226–244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirshkowitz M., Karacan I., Gurakar A., Williams R.L. Hypertension, Erectile Dysfunction, and Occult Sleep Apnea, Sleep, 1989,223-232, DOI: 10.1093/sleep/12.3.223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirshkowitz M., Karacan I., Gurakar A., Williams R.L. Hypertension, Erectile Dysfunction, and Occult Sleep Apnea, Sleep, 1989, 223-232, DOI: 10.1093/sleep/12.3.223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гамидов С.И., Тажетдинов О.Х., Павловичев А.А. и соавт. Особенности патогенеза, диагностики и лечения эректильной дисфункции у больных с гипогонадизмом. Пробл. эндокринол. 2010; 5: 33-42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gamidov S.I., Tazhetdinov O.H., Pavlovich A.A. et al. Features of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients with hypogonadism. Probl. endocrinol. 2010; 5: 33-42. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lykouras L, Michopoulos J. Anxiety disorders and obesity. Psychiatriki. 2011; 22:307-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lykouras L, Michopoulos J. Anxiety disorders and obesity. Psychiatriki. 2011;22:307–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee SA1, Han SH2, Ryu HU2. Anxiety and its relationship to quality of life independent of depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Psychosom Res. 2015 Jul;79(1):32 6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.01.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee SA1, Han SH2, Ryu HU2. Anxiety and its relationship to quality of life independent of depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Psychosom Res. 2015 Jul;79(1):32-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.01.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schipilliti M., Caretta N., Palego P. et al. Metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction: the ultrasound evaluation of cavernosal atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34 (8): 1875-1877</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schipilliti M., Caretta N., Palego P. et al. Metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction: the ultrasound evaluation of cavernosal atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34 (8): 1875–1877.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roth A, Kalter-Leibovici O., Kerbis Y. et al. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes, hypertension, or both diseases: a community survey among 1412 Israeli men. ClinCardiol. 2003; 26 (1): 25-30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roth A., Kalter–Leibovici O., Kerbis Y. et al. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes, hypertension, or both diseases: a community survey among 1412 Israeli men. ClinCardiol. 2003; 26 (1): 25–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montorsi P., Ravagnani P.M., Galli S. et al. The artery size hypothesis: a macrovascular link between erectile dysfunction and coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 2005; 96(26):19 23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montorsi P., Ravagnani P.M., Galli S. et al. The artery size hypothesis: a macrovascular link between erectile dysfunction and coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 2005; 96(26):19-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
